Complete Ancient Nawayathi Script

B (ب)

Isolated form. Dot below.

BH (aspirated b)

Double-dot aspirate marker.

P (پ)

Triple-dot marker (Persian rule).

K (ك)

BASE_K minimal form.

KH (kh)

Dot above signifies fricative.

G (گ)

Persian-style upward stroke.

GH (gh)

Looped modifier (Arabic ghain logic).

J (ج)

Dot inside bowl.

CH (چ)

Triple-dot variant (Persian ch).

D (د)

Simplified dal-like curve.

DH (dh)

Hooked tail for breathy stop.

SH (ش)

Three-dot sibilant marker.

S (s)

Base S-curve.

Z (z)

S-curve with dot above.

F (f)

Simplified Arabic-inspired loop.

H (h)

Bowl structure.

M (m)

Tri-peak nasal form.

N (n)

Single nasal arc.

NG (ŋ)

Subscript nasal marker.

R (r)

Forward leaning stroke.

L (l)

Vertical spine.

W (w)

Rounded waw-style bowl.

Y (y)

Yeh-like with dot.

DD (retroflex ḍ)

Retroflex top curl.

Vowel Architecture

AA (long /aː/)

Full-letter carrier for long /aː/ (Alif-like vertical marker)

EE (long /iː/)

Yeh-like long vowel (supports front vowel extension)

OO (long /uː/)

Waw-like long vowel for back rounding

AI (diphthong)

Diphthong rendered as vowel carrier + small yeh stroke

AW (diphthong)

Diphthong rendered as vowel carrier + small waw curl

Short Vowel Diacritics

Short-vowel diacritics are optional for fluent readers; required in primer materials.

Historical Usage Notes

Long vowels (AA, EE, OO) are written with full letter carriers placed after a consonant cluster, matching Arabic/Urdu behavior (improves legibility).
Diphthongs (AI, AW) attach to the main consonant via small yeh/waw strokes to show glide quality.
Short vowels are shown with simple diacritics — above or below the consonant depending on front/back quality.
In early learning materials we will always mark short vowels; in later print we will omit them for adult readers.
The script shows clear influences from Arabic, Persian, and local Indic writing systems, reflecting the trade routes of the era.